The Mind of Someone Who Uses Drugs :: essays papers

The Mind of Someone Who Uses Drugs In the mind of someone who does doses there is forever a reason to take that hit of acid, that pill of ecstasy, that course of action of coke or that bump of crystal. Justification is a powerful quill of persuasion, its a manipulation tool that others can use on you but more commonly you use on yourself. You dont exact to go to work for ten hours and the acid trip result only last about seven hours so as presbyopic as you dont go to sleep youll be fine. Youll not sleep for twenty-four hours and youll be cracked out as on the whole hell at work but hell, its worth it. virtually people that do drugs leave speculate that they have great will power and only do a drug when they know they have the time and energy. I have heard and said that phrase so many times. The more drugs you do the less will you have to say no and the easier it is for people to persuade you to take that pill with them. Friends dont persuade you because they destin y you to be bad like they are or any of that other crap you see on anti-drug commercials on television. Your friends want you to be there so that they can have fun with you patch on the drugs together..It is broadly speaking professedly that I have had most of my drug experiences with friends and it is also true that I have made some true bonds with people piece on drugs. The question I use to always ask myself is who are my real friends and who were friends that I made simply because we were on a substance. It is so easy to bond with someone while on drugs, especially ecstasy. On the drug ecstasy its potential to bond with someone while that you have never gotten along with and credibly never will again. My girlfriend who I dated for about trinity months, while knowing that I was gay, I met through drugs. Since she and I were generally high on something at all times our relationship was only ( what does this mean????through) and because of drugs. I have not spoken to her fo r over quint months and if we did speak we would probably have little interest in severally other.

Preparing For Science Course Essay

Preparing for any field of battle or course is a good thing to do for unrivalled to fully appreciate the course, especially for a science course. In a science course, there are a lot of new things you go out learn, particularly new technical terms/concepts/ideas. And projectning for every coterie session would be cooperative to maximize your learning potential. The question is, How would you plan for the science course?To start off, first you should learn good habits for an efficient study. You should learn the habit of effective time management and discipline. Always do your homework early and prioritize your studies above anything else. You should alike learn a habit of challenging yourself. This would make you more competitive and determined. Next you compulsion to develop active listening and class participation skill. To do this, you should need a focus on lecturer reachn by your professor. quiz to be analytical when listening. Ask questions to your professor if you are confused or uncertain about the concepts that have been discussed. In addition to this, try to be open-minded and appreciative for you to fully understand the ideas beingness relayed to you by your professor.You should also take down notes while your professor is giving a lecture. target your notes by creating spaces in your notebook, like central space for important points/ideas, marginal space for annotation, and condensing space for a brief summary of the lecture. A good set of lecture notes will be very helpful in preparing for trials, since this will refresh your knowledge regarding the previous lessons discussed in the class.  Lastly, you should develop a good schema for taking an exam. Always prepare yourself in advance going to class your professor might give a perplexity quiz. Whenever you have a scheduled exam, be sure to arrive early.This would give you time to relax your mind and body, and avoid loss of concentration onwards and during the exam. Answer fi rst the questions you are certain of and with high points. If the exam is a multiple choice type, be very intuitive use your parking lot sense and make smart educated guess. For essay type exams, work out first before you write your essay. Concentrate on the idea of what is being asked in the question.Always allot some time before the exterminate of the exam to review your answers. This will prevent mistakes made by idiocy or carelessness. After getting the result of the exam, try to analyze your answers. submit from your mistakes, and try to avoid them during the next tests. Always set your previous exam as a standard do your best to improve your operation in the next exams. Lastly, determine and implement the best study strategy for you.ReferenceSmoot, J. (2008).Tips for preparing for a class. Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http//www.helium.com/items/357485-being-prepared-class-understanding

Comparing and Analyzing the Differences Between Co-Ed Schools and Single-Sex Schools Essay

The issue of single- sexual activity schools versus college girl schools is very often debated and controversial. There ar self-coloured supporters for both sides, give good and valid product lines. It is an issue with a long history, receiving great attention from the media, researchers, teachers and near of all, pargonnts. Although at that place be legion(predicate) studies that try to answer this question, the problem will probably continue to endure and be debated, the opinions existence mixed. After all, choosing a type of commandment is a matter of personal choice.N atomic number 53theless, in that respect are several fetch advantages and disadvantages of both, and thither is evidence that there are differences when it comes to commandment styles, progress and achievements. Single-sex schools Single-sex schools extradite a long history, probably being most popular during the 19th and twentieth centuries. In these schools, boys and girls are separated, the class es consisting of only one gender. There are schools that maintain separate buildings for boys and opposites for girls, or they only admit one gender into their academic program.This is a pr mapice which is thought to help improve the results of the students. According to bloody shame Elizabeth, source for disciplineBug. org, one of the arguments is the differences between the brains of girls and boys. Others are divers(prenominal) stress responses and perceive sensitivity and that these differences give the bounce best be responded to by variousiating their instruction and encyclopaedism environment (CoEd or Single gender Education). These reasons seem to be believable and they are enough for umteen people to choose this kind of pedagogics for themselves or their children. There are some advantages of single-sex schools.As mentioned above, the supporters of single-sex pedagogics bring forth legion(predicate) arguments and perhaps the greatest one of them is the educ ational benefit. It is believed that this kind of education improves student achievements and progress. Girls and boys stop and think in different ways, therefore they should be separated and the studies should be based on each genders interests and strengths. Different teaching techniques should be used too. Since girls are more shape up than boys at a younger age, they can be more sober and focused in school, whereas boys have a lower concentration limit, and they act push through ore often than girls.Leonard Sax, who has a PhD, is an M. D. in Montgomery County and founded the National familiarity for the Advancement of Single Sex Public Education, cl endeavors Teach boys properly, and they will learn. All these can improve a students performance. Furthermore, there is a lack of distraction in single-ed. Boys are sexually distract by girls, being at an age when they are aroused often, and girls are distracted by the boys behavior (Single-Sex Education).Thompson and Ungerle ider, researchers for the Canadian Center for Knowledge mobilisation sic state in their report Girls are able to focus more on academics without having to worry about pleasing the guys. They have also quoted a 15 year old manlike student who said When there is a hot girl in class you tend to olfactory modality at her not to concentrate. This proves that distraction plays an valuable role in education, and the single-sex schools are a means of controlling it (Single Sex Schooling). Moreover, an otherwise argument is the gender gap. This refers to the difference between girls and boys.Usually, girls are academically performing unwrap than boys. But the focus is not on how well the girls are doing nevertheless that they are doing frequently make better than boys, the latter being often underachievers. By separating the genders in classes could be beneficial to them, focusing more on subjects they excel at, and applying different teaching methods (Single Sex Schooling). For the more supporters of single-sex schools, the improvement of achievements and progress, the different teaching styles, gender interests and strengths, as well as the gender gap are the main arguments.Single-sex ed is a popular choice among parents, even though not all students want it or feel comfortable with it and most of them, if given a choice this would not be their first. However, despite the some advantages, there are also down-sides of single-sex schools and education. Kristin Stanberry, a writer and editor specializing in parenting, education, and consumer health/wellness issues, argues that there are legion(predicate) who believe that gender separation is not wise as there arent many a(prenominal) instructors who are able to adapt their teaching methods and agreements to only one gender.This could bring to a worse perplexment and achievements, the exact opposite of what single-eds aim is. Even more, maybe the greatest counter-argument is that this way of education pro motes dissimilitude and sexism. This is what many people believe, among them being the American Civil Liberties Union which even filed a suit against a school in Kentucky for organizing single-sex classes in their institution (Single-Sex Education the pros and cons). By attending a single-sex school, people may develop shyness and have problems interacting with the other sex in the future, for there was no motive during their education.Co-ed schools Unlike single-sex schools, integrated schools are educational institutions where boys and girls are not separated, being no restrictions and no classes where only one sex can attend. It is not a practice as old as its opponent, in the past the higher forms of education being reserved only for male students. However, in the recent past they have gained in popularity, now having many supporters. Co-ed schools have many clear advantages in comparison to single-sex ones. one of these advantages, as it is pointed out on the University Lan guage work website, by having a class with both men and women it offers more variation, giving a better chance to interact with each other (Co-ed vs. Single Sex Schools). It helps the students to develop their ability to talk to the other sex, developing their social skills much more than single-sex schools. Edelman Public Relations, a firm specialized on doing researches and reports, did a reflect on Canadian students which shows that students attending a co-ed institution have a higher level of self-confidence.Furthermore, due to interaction between sexes, co-ed attendants tend to develop a deeper respect towards the other gender. 80% of students in co-ed declared that they find it very easy to create friendships and work up relationships with members of the same sex, and 72% find it easy for members of the opposite sex, while single-sex students account that they make friends easily in only 58% of the times. Also, they have a strong feeling of security. A research reveals th at students attending co-ed schools are much more likely to discuss ideas from their homework with opposite-sex friends (83%) than students in other school environments.This interaction results in exposure to a greater diversity of views and opinions as they share ideas of both sexes (The Benefits of the Co-educational Environment). On their website, the Cathedral School of Llandaff, Cardiff, argues that a co-ed school is also beneficial in fighting sexism and discrimination as opinions of the both sexes are expressed and debated, resulting into a better understanding of each gender and the notion of equality (Advantages of Co-Education). Alongside with all these prospering features of co-ed schools, there is the choice of people.Students tend to choose this kind of education over single-sex institutions for the above reasons, as well as the higher happening of finding a temporarily or life-time partner, which is becoming quite important for present generations. However, although co-ed has many advantages and benefits, it also has many disadvantages. Firstly, University Language Services claims on its website that students may feel intimidated by the members of the other sex and will not participate in class discussions and activities as much as they would if it was a single-sex class (Co-ed vs. Single Sex Schools).Becky Francis affirms in her agree Boys, girls, and Achievement Addressing the classroom issues that another disadvantage is the unfairness that sometimes occurs. Boys usually draw more attention to themselves, dominating the classroom and acting out while girls are quieter and more withdrawn. Also, studies have shown that teachers tend to favor boys by asking them more questions and making them participate more than girls (30-31). Furthermore, Ruth Vanita, writer for the Manushi periodical, implies in the article Some Disadvantages of Coeducation that starting from an early age, boys tend to raise and tease girls.The effect is that this makes girls feel insecure, ashamed and might develop a negative attitude towards men as they fire up. In addition, when spousal relationship up for sharing a desk or picking group members for different activities, those who are left out or chosen last could grow an even deeper sense of insecurity. They might also feel unattractive for the other gender, develop emotional and psychological issues, which may later lead to something worse, much(prenominal) as depression. 29, 31-32) Thompson and Ungerleider implied in their report that there is a dumbing down phenomenon as boys sometimes refuse to participate in class, give the correct answers or do homework as its just not poise to be smart and they feel they will leave a no-account impression on girls if they do so. Another disadvantage is the competiveness. Girls tend to be more interested and academically active, generally being better students than boys (Single Sex Schooling). This may result into negative reactions from the boys, m arginalizing girls.It could also lead to an aggressive response, or other bad outcomes such(prenominal) as cheating in send to keep up with the girls. Finally, it can lead to an even more compound of the gap between boys and girls. To use a non-academic term, boys tend to be slackers, being lazier than girls and try to persuade them into sharing homework and helping them or giving them the answers to tests. All in all, the issue of co-ed and single-sex educational institutions is very much debated and controversial lately receiving much attention from the media, researchers and parents.They both have many supporters providing arguments trying to prove that one is better than the other. There are many positive and negative effects, advantages and disadvantages of both, and there isnt yet a clear conclusion whether one is better than the other. While there are studies and different opinions on this issue, the way to go is a matter of personal choice. In the end all that matters is h ow parents and students feel and what their interest and feelings are about it when choosing one form of education or the other.And in what concerns me, I might be biased, as Ive attended co-ed educational institutions my entire life, solely I prefer this type of education, and I could never picture myself or my children being enrolled in a single-sex school. I say this because in my experience, co-ed schools have been beneficial for me and worked out to my advantage, and I strongly believe that the benefits of such an institution and the argument put forth by its supporters are strong and logical, so if it was my choice, I would choose co-ed.

Chicken Bones and Malunggay Stalks as Plant Growth Enhancer

agribusiness is one of the vital movers of a countrys economy. In the Philippines, close to one third of the total land ara of 29.187 million hectares is beneath intensive cultivation. There is a high strength of generating labor and financial support and agricultural returns and by-products processing and intensification and diversification of agricultural product systems. These potentials however, are being hindered due to lack of appropriate agricultural strategies.Chicken Bones and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Stalks as establish Growth Enhancer aims to integrate new approaches of enhancing the harvest-feast of the found by utilizing the chicken bone and malunggay plants. In line with the aforementioned discussion, the study aims to whap the potential of chicken hit the books and malunggay stalks as plant egress enhancer and compare the prime(prenominal) of the experimental plant developing enhancer to that exploit product in the industry. Specifically, the study aims to answer the questions1. Is there a epoch-making struggle among the increment of the plant (plant space, ripple area, figure of leaves) treated with opposite concentrations of experimental plant growth enhancer and the commercial plant growth enhancer?2.Is there a hearty unlikeness among the growth of the plant (plant space, leaf area, event of leaves) treated with different concentrations of experimental plant growth enhancer and the vermiculture?3.What plant growth enhancer yielded the beat out result?4.What is the fabricate formulation of the plant growth enhancer (combination of chicken bones and malunggay stalks) that yields the best result on the growth of the plant?3.2 FindingsAfter the researchers have gathered, calculated and understand the data the following information has been found out1. For manipulation 1 (100% malunggay stalks), there is no signifi empennaget going away in the leaf area, function of leaves and injure aloofness when compared w ith sermon 8 (vermiculture). This holds true to shoot length and yield of leaves computations when compared with T7. While there is significant difference found in the leaf area when compared with T7.2. For discussion 2 (100% chicken bones), there is no significant difference in leaf area, procedure of leaves and shoot length when compared to both T7 and T8.3. For treatment 3 (75% chicken bones- 25% malunggay stalks), no significant difference is found in leaf area, shoot length and material body of leaves when compared with T7. This holds true to good turn of leaves computation when compared with T8. While a significant difference is found in leaf area and shoot length when compared with T8.4. For treatment 4 (25% chicken bones- 75% malunggay stalks), there is no significant difference in shoot length and number of leaves compared to both T7 and T8. For the leaf area, a significant difference has been evaluated when compared with T7 while no significant difference has been e valuated when compared with T8.5. For treatment 5 (50% chicken bones- 50% malunggay stalks), significant difference has been assessed in number of leaves when compared to both T7and T8, and as well as in the shoot length when compared with T8. For the leaf area, no significant difference has been assessed when compared to both T7 and T8.6. For treatment 6 (no treatment), significant difference has been evaluated in leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves, when compared with T8, while no significant difference has been computed in the said factors when compared with T7.7. For treatment 7 (commercial plant growth enhancer), significant difference has been evaluated in leaf area while no significant difference has been computed in shoot length and number of leaves when compared with T8.8. For the plant location, both shoot length and number of leaves showed a significant difference when the cardinal locations were compared with each other. On the other hand, the leaf area of bot h locations did not show significant difference in number.There is no statistical evidence to prove that there is a significant difference in the leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves among the different formulations of the experimental plant growth enhancer.3.3 ConclusionsChicken bones and malunggay stalks have the potential to be analternative plant growth enhancer. Considering the minimal acquisition cost of the materials and the comparative degree performance it has showed for the leaf area, shoot length, and the number of leaves in relation to the commercially available one and the vermiculture, a latent source of the plant growth enhancer can be the leftover portions from chicken and malunggay and may work on as an alternative for the customary sources of plant growth enhancer, which currently leaping from inorganic matter.The concentration of the experimental plant growth enhancer does not affect the performance in the leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves. Th e concentrations then do not generally influence on the growth performance. For economic reasons, one can use the greater concentration of malunggay stalks without sacrificing thequality of the plant growth enhancer. Concurrently, this study will significantly help in the research of finding better agricultural strategies for the intensification and diversification of agricultural product systems and at the same time provide alternatives in attaining a sustainable environment.3.4 Recommendations Primary RecommendationsThe researchers root on further studies on the efficacy of chicken bones and malunggay stalks as plant growth enhancer. As both the main materials are lavishly available in the country and are usually considered waste, an doable amount of plant growth enhancer can be realized. The researchers recommend using the greater concentration of malunggay stalks (T4 and T1) if the individual is considering the leaf area, shoot length, and number of leaves, as it saves more res ources and brings close results from the traditional plant growth enhancer (vermiculture).Secondary RecommendationsFor the conduct of the experimentation, an accessible, conducive garden should be considered in order to comfortably carry out regular monitoring on the growth of the plants. another(prenominal) interested researchers can also invest on other plants that can be easily grown and is receptive to the environment. Using the chicken bones from uncooked chicken can also be done so as to cast up the chance of getting higher calcium and friction match level from the source.Since the researchers are limited with the resources, only two replicates ( diagram 1 and plot 2) were administered, thus adding plants to be used for the experiment is recommended so as to increase the probability of detecting a significant difference between two treatments and as well as to increase the confidence level of the results. For the outline of the data, test on the secondary macronutrient gr oup (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur) can be done so as to widen the range of the macronutrients to be analyze on.

Architecture Design, the Royal Ontario Museum

The museum is currently undergoing a major renovation and working out project, dubbed Renaissance ROM, located at the corner of Bloor Street and Avenue Road, northern of Queens Park and on the east side of Philosophers Walk in the University of Toronto. The centrepiece is the recently-opened Michael Lee-Chin Crystal, knowing by architect Daniel Libeskind and Bregman + Hamann Architects readiness of exhibits in the addition result continue over a stop consonant of months. Existing galleries and buildings are also being modified. Renovated galleries in the historic buildings will reopen in stages, and all work is scheduled to be realized by 2010. The final cost of the project will be $270 billion CAD.The Libeskind digit, selected from among 50 entrants in an international competition, saw the award winning patio Galleries torn down and replaced with a Deconstructivist crystalline-form clad in 25 per centum glass and 75 percent aluminium. The building is named after Michael L ee-Chin, who donated $30 jillion towards its construction. It houses the new main entrance to the museum, a gift shop, a eating house (C5 Restaurant and Lounge), a cafeteria (Food Studio), seven additional galleries and Canadas largest temporary order hall in the lower level.The Crystals sack upted walls do not touch the sides of the existing heritage buildings, save for where pedestrian get over occurs and to close the envelope between the new form and the existing walls. Although designed to conform to existing height restrictions and maintain sight lines along Bloor Street, the Crystal, at certain points, cantilevers over the setback and into the street allowance.The buildings design is similar to some of Libeskinds other works, notably the Jewish Museum in Berlin, the London Metropolitan University Graduate Centre, and the Fredric C. Hamilton Building at the Denver imposture Museum. The steel framework was manufactured and assembled by Walters Inc. of Hamilton, Ontario. Th e extruded anodized aluminium cladding was fictive by Josef Gartner in Germany, the only company in the world that can produce the material. The company also provided the titanium cladding for Frank Gehrys Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.

Semester Updates

All assignments must(prenominal) be handed in during scheduled variantes. DO NOT EMAIL ASSIGNMENTS. *** entertain remember there is a one-week maximal for submission***. After one week, submissions allow for no longer be accepted. Late assignments without appropriate documentation volition learn a stray but no comments. Students argon responsible for keeping a decamp copy of all take-home assignments. If you need an extension for extenuating circumstances, enchant discuss this with the professor before the due date, and an email that covers what has been agreed upon result be expected before an extension is granted.Evaluation Term Work The landmark work will constitute 75% of the final rove. A minimum of 50% of markd term work must be stainless in class. Students will read 8-10 selections and write a minimum of 2500 voice communication during the term, including at least two 500-word analytical essays written in class a 1000-word analytical essay and a research assign ment. Students will get under ones skin arguments based upon a critical appreciation of the themes and literary techniques presented in the readings. They will also support their views with textual references.No more than 10% of the final grade will be allotted to quizzes and/or group work. Final interrogative The final examination will constitute 25% of the course grade. It will be a common exam in the form of a textual analysis. Students must pass the term work and the final exam to pass the course. Grading System In addition to the usual fleeting grades of A+ to D, there argon two grades that de none un achieverful searchs at EACH 50 F (O to 49%) Failure (term work has non been completed) ATT The assimilator has satisfactory attendance and has completed the term work, but has non met the learning outcomes.Any students receiving ATT in EACH 150 will continue their studies in EACH 150 in subsequent semesters until they have met the earning outcomes. In the meantime, the ATT grade does non affect the students grade point average. Students who feel that they may not pass the subject are, therefore, encouraged to keep working hard in the subject rather than drop it. Consistent attendance is important for success in this subject. If you are absent from class, please notify your professor by e-mail. You are still responsible for the material and assignments missed and will be required to provide documentation.For extensions or special considerations, make the request swell up in advance of any due dates. Considerate classroom conduct, adapted class preparation, and constructive participation will enhance your academic buzz off and that of your colleagues. In particular, you are asked to contribute to the learning environment by organism prompt, courteous, responsible and collaborative, and by following the behavioural policies listed in the College donnish insurance and the Student Hand hold in. Student/Faculty Consultation Outside Classroom Hours Ple ase arrange times with your professor to discuss your work and progress in this course.Learning warmheartedness For free assistance in English, visit our Learning affectionateness and make an appointment tit one of our tutors. In EACH, weekly appointments are often recommended for extra help with grammar, sentence structure, composition, or vocabulary. Tutors can render guidance and help you remedy writing problems, but will not proofread, or correct grammar, or alter content. Visit the Writing Centre in Room SSL 120 of the Learning Commons or book an appointment online at HTTPS//www. Seneca. On. Ca/ webs.Please retain this document for future educational and/or employment use. Academic Regulations It is your responsibility as a student of Seneca College to be aware of and abide by he academic and behavioral policies outlined in the College Academic constitution and the Student vade mecum. Here are some key policies Academic Honesty (Section 9 and Appendix E Academic Policy) E ngaging in any form of academic trick to obtain any type of academic advantage or accredit is an rudeness under this policy and will not be tolerated by the College.The penalty for a first academic honesty offence is a grade O on the work in which the offence occurred, and will result in a comment being placed on the transcript by the Academic Honesty Committee. The penalty for he irregular academic honesty offence is an F in the subject where the offence occurred, a second comment on the transcript and suspension from the College for a time period determined by the Academic Honesty Committee, usually for a minimum of three (3) semesters. For more information on Academic Honesty go to http//library. Congealers. Ca. Eight to appeal academic decisions of the College. The procedures for in established and formal appeals are outlined in Academic Policy. If a student disagrees with the rating of an assignment or with a final grade, s/he must first discuss the matter tit the profes sor in an attempt to resolve the disagreement. If the matter is not resolved, the student should discuss the problem with the Coordinator or the Chair of English and Liberal Studies. Students must keep all assignments (including drafts and outlines) and exercises until they receive their final grade.No appeal will be considered unless a complete archive is submitted at the time of the appeal. Information Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Protocols See the Student Handbook. Faculty and students are reminded that College correspondence should only be disseminated electronically with official College- provided e-mail. Alternate e-mail addresses, such as Yahoo mail or Hotmail mail, are not authentically through Seneca. Copyright See the Student Handbook There are limitations to reproducing materials from texts and some other copyrighted materials.Essential copyright information is available in the Student Handbook and at http//library. Congealers. Ca. Student Rights and Responsib ilities See the Student Handbook disparity and agony See the Student Handbook All students and employees have the right to need and work in an environment that is free from discrimination and/or harassment. spoken language or activities that defeat this objective violate the College Policy on Discrimination/Harassment and shall not be tolerated.Information and assistance are available from the Resolution, justness and Diversity Centre. Accommodation for Students with Disabilities The college will provide reasonable accommodation for students with disabilities in order to promote academic success. If you require accommodation, contact the Counseling and Disabilities run Office at ext. 2900 to initiate the process for documenting, assessing and implementing your individual accommodation needs. approved by Andrew Schmitt, Chair School of English and Liberal Studies

Come in-Ahhh Merciii Essay

Scene V, Blanche Come in-Ahhh Merciii Discuss this repeat in congener to the rest of the text paying attention to structure, form and use of language. The close section of moving-picture show five of Tennessee Williamss play A streetcar Named Desire has provoked much confusion and debate as to the writers motives in regards to the portrayal of Blanche. One school of thought on the matter is that, in spite of the situation that Williams largely based the book of facts of Blanche upon himself his primary aim in the play is to punish her for her failure to instal empathy towards her homosexual husband Allan.Williams was of course a homosexual himself, living in a largely homophobic world where gayness was not a talked about subject. He often brought the issue up in his another(prenominal) works such as Cat on a heatable Tin Roof where the characters Brick and Skipper and both portrayed as executable homosexuals. Blanches lack of empathy and compassion are highlighted once aga in in this extract when she totally fails to take into account the feelings of a second upstart human race, and quite uses him to live out her fantasies of desire for her late husband.During the exchange between Blanche and the young man she is portrayed as seductive and dominant I privation to kiss you making it clear that she is the oneness initiating the situation, this is a dramatic furrow to her normal persona around other men such as Mitch and Stanley where she makes herself out to be both innocent and pure. This extract is one of the places where her error starts to slip and her outgoing actions are hinted at to the sense of hearing.Blanches reaction to you young mans mark of cherry soda you make my mouth water has a unfluctuating sexually reference, a cherry being a metaphor for virginity, which probably only Blanche is aware of. This shows that she is simply playing games with the young man development him for her own enjoyment. In the next opinion Blanche tre ats Mitch in a real similar way, after discovering that he does not speak French she says Voulez-vous couches avec mo ice soir? meaning would you like to sleep with me this evening? which is the call of a French prostitute. The lack of consideration that Blanche shows towards both men and the way she appears to be using them both (The young man for a thrill and Mitch for security) hints not only towards the fact that in the past she has sought remedies for her loneliness with strangers only also supports the metaphor presented later in the play of Blanche being a tarantula trapping her victims in a web of illusions Yes a with child(p) spider Thats where I brought my victims.Another example of how Williams is using this scene to condemn Blanches can be found by looking at the actions of the young man. During the scene he speaks nervously and makes frequent glances towards the door portrayal his wish to escape form Blanches and making it obvious that he is ill-fitting with the s ituation. Well Id better be-. When describing the young man Blanche repeatedly uses the word young and also calls him lamb, this not only enforces his youth to the audience but also the fact that Blanche is aware of how much younger than her he is.The final and perhaps most(prenominal) damming piece of evidence towards Blanche is her reaction towards Mitch at the end of the scene, where, having just kissed a young boy she greets the man she is hoping to bind with open arms, reverting back to her old illusion of purity. This shows her as thoughtless and manipulative towards both touch offies, in the she takes on the roll of two tout ensemble different mountain to get what she wants. It also presents a hint that Blanche is guile about her sexual history.Blanches actions in this extract could also be seen as an example of deliberate cruelty, in so far as she is automatic to take advantage of a confused and reluctant young man just for her own pleasure. Blanche has of cores been guilty of deliberate cruelty in her past when she spoke of her revulsion towards Allan I know. I saw. You disgust me. leading to his suicide. tump over cruelty is something that Blanche states that she despises and has Never been guilty off making her seam sooner hypocritical.Some might argue in fact that Williams is in fact using this extract to elicit the audiences pity towards Blanche as opposed to their condemnation. Throughout the play reference has been frequently made to Blanches declining psychogenic state, such as when Stanley takes the letters written by Allan away from her and she becomes hysterical. Williams lightly reminds the audience of this in numerous ways throughout the extract.For a start, in reference to the lighter Blanche uses the word Temperamental, which is a very unmatched description and probably intended to reflect upon her mental state. During the later part of the scene the convocation is accompanied by the Blue Piano, a recur sign of Blanches gui lt, misery and mental declination. It features at many points in the play, usually during periods of anguish for Blanche such as when she is reminiscing about the loss of cost Reve to Stella.Blanches crumbling mental state is not helped by her alcoholism, another one of Williamss personality traits that feature throughout his plays, such as with Brick in Cat on a hot tin Roof. Although Blanche isnt actually drinking in this extract the audience knows that she has drunk preliminary in the scene a shot never does a one C any harm and are shown how drink can make people do things be the actions of the drunken Negro woman just in advance the young man arrives. The negro woman cackling hysterically, swaying drunkenly comes around the corner. Williams may also have been trying to make the audience sympathise with Blanches paranoia about her appearance and desperation to feel young again. Earlier is the scene the audience sees Blanche looking in the mirror she is later to smash, show ing emphasising her discreetness about her looks. She also talked to Stella about her fading appearance I Im fading now. The audience has also been privy to Blanches abuse of light I cant stand a naked as a jaybird light bulb and her need to hear positive remarks about her appearance I was fishing for a compliment Stanley.Another factor that moldiness be considered is that previously in the scene Stanley has begun to tear down the illusions Blanche weaves to defend herself be hinting that he knows about her past actions (Again hinting that Blanche is lying about her past) Shaw is under the impression that he met you in Loral leaving her exposed and in a state of hysteric shock shown by her frequent pauses in sentences and quivering her hand shakes so it almost slips form the glass.Perhaps the most likely explanation for this why this scene seems to show Blanche is two antonymous lights however is that Williams is deliberately leaving it ambiguous, allowing the audience to de cide upon their own feelings towards Blanche, and that the uncoiled purpose of this scene is to prefigure the revelations about Blanches past, particularly her relationship with the 17 year old boy that lost her her job.

Art Criticism of Barricade by Jose Clemente Orozco

Art Criticism of Barricade by Jose Cle custodyte Orozco The painting Barricade by Jose Cle manpowerte Orozco is made using oil on canvas. It is 140 by 114. 3 cm and it portrays five men that are fast placed together. To the left(a) of the portrait there is a shirtless hunched world giving his masking to the viewer and has his regenerate arm extended to the right. He is holding a red cloth in his right hand. He has two punch straps going oer his shoulders and strapped across his back. To his right there is an other shirtless staminate figure facing the viewer with his arm extended forward and his feet closely placed together.There is a rope loosely placed virtually his feet. This man also has his arm slightly extended forward. He is standing in a slanted position and is leaning his back on something. To the right of this man is a fully clothed crouched man holding a knife in his hand. There are two other shirtless men on the ground behind this crouched male figure. The two bi gger men on the left are balanced by the three little men on the right. Orozco uses a brighter value of blue on the blow of the two men on the left to show their dominance over the rest of the men. The posture of the slanted man attains implied diagonal lines.Orozco also uses a vibrant red colored cloth shift the readers attention from the two supreme male figures to focus on other aspects of the artwork and the other minor figures. The whole painting may erect a gloomy and depressing mood in the viewer because the men appear to be struggling. The red cloth seems to symbolize bloodshed because of the on the face of it lashing scene that is taking place in the rest of the painting. The dominant figure on the right appears to be fighting for his life because of the mien he is clenching his teeth. He could be extending his arm to reach for help from somebody not included in the painting.The knife in the crouched mans hand symbolizes war, and his loose grip on the knife may act as his defeat. The smoke that appears to be polluting the sky could foreshadow that there is something worse to keep abreast and that the conflict going on may not be resolved. Also, the feature that four of the five men are shirtless could imply that they come from a lower social class. The artist succeeded in portraying a violent scene in this artwork because of the aggressive actions of the men. He limited the second of colors used in the painting, but was still able to create strong emotions in the viewer using different values of those colors.The vivid portrayal of the muscles allows the viewer to perceive the reality of the environment. However, the artist confuses the viewer because he leaves the viewer to interpret many things on their own. His whole painting focuses on the five men, so the viewers are left to interpret the setting, the author for their conflict, and the time when the conflict occurred based on the mens actions and the objects around them. Overall, the painter includes minor symbols such as the cloth, gun, and knife to successfully catch the overall violent atmosphere of the painting.

Indiana Building Supplies

indium Building Supplies Comment An epitome of these symmetrys shows that both Clemens and Willis are right. on the whole of the positiveness ratios for IBS are high(prenominal) than the patience average. Thus, IBS seems to have through well. And indeed, it was done well for its shareh hoarers in 2005. Note, however, that the current and quick ratios have generally been trending down(prenominal) and are significantly lower than the industry averages as well as the stipulations in the loan covenants. Thus, liquidity is poor. Moreover, inventory is turning over rattling slowly and the average collection flow has increased significantly.These figures are manifestations of IBSs policy of raising prices and focusing almost exclusively on inch customers who are relatively price-insensitive but have a more ambiguous demand. It seems like IBS is charging a sufficiently high price to overcome a gross sales level that is significantly lower than it was in 2004. In fact, it has likely been lucky to encounter a robust demand from its Indiana customers (it is comely to assume negligible demand from Ohio and minute), so that it did not experience a more precipitous slide down in sales relative to its 2004 sales.In extension to this, IBS has also experienced very high volatility in its liquidity and inventory turnover ratios during 2005, another development that is consistent with its pricing strategy. The protraction of the collection period seems to indicate that Indiana customers are more waste in the sense that they dont pay as straighta office as the average customer. What does this mean for the commit? Peter Willis is correct in being concerned. What IBS seems to be doing is to adopt a strategy of increasing bump for the possibility of higher profit.Raising the prices of its outputs is equivalent to concentrating on the Indiana market and excluding the Ohio and Missouri markets. This means changing its market in such a way that IBS straightaway faces a riskier demand schedule for its products, but one that yields it higher gelt if it is lucky. Since the coin bank is simply repaid what it is owed, it does not benefit from this higher profit-higher risk strategy. If IBS is successful in selling off all that it produces (i. e. , if the Indiana customers exhibit sufficiently high demand), then all of the extra profits go to IBS.On the other hand, if demand is poor and IBS cannot unload its finished goods inventory, the bank may not be repaid and could be left holding a mix of finished goods, work-in-progress and raw materials inventory. So, the bank absorbs much of the risk associated with IBSs pricing strategy. This is a classic example of moral hazard think to risky debt. Note also that IBSs debt ratio has been increasing since 2000, and now it is well above the industry average as well as what is permitted in the loan covenants. This also hurts IBSs creditors since their risk exposure is increased.Moreover, as we saw in our discussion of capital in this chapter, a decline in equity capital relative to total assets increases the firms incentive to take more risk at the creditors expense. So, Clemens willingness to go on with Klinghoffers suggestion now is not that surprising. Note that the benefits of increased profitability are skewed more in favor of IBSs shareholders for 2005 the perish on the net worth of IBS is 299 basis points above the industry average, whereas its fall out on total assets is 70 basis points above the industry average.Let us now see if IBS could generate enough cash intrinsicly to reciprocate FNBB its old loan as well as the naked as a jaybird loan. As we saw in our earlier discussion, there are three sources of internal cash generation (i)net income and depreciation, (ii)reduction of accounts receivables, and (iii)reduction of inventory. Now, suppose that we can get IBS to bring its ratios in line with industry averages. How much cash will this generate? (i) authorise income and depreciation Assuming cash flows from earnings and deprecation in 2006 lodge the same as in 2005, we have cash flows from earnings summation deprecation = $202,500 + $72,000 = $274,500. ii)Reduction of accounts receivables In 2005, IBSs average collection period was 49 long time, whereas the industry average was 37 days. Current accounts receivable = $600,000 (Average collection period = 49 days) Projected accounts receivable = (Sales / day) * 37 days = ($4,500,000/365) * 37 days = $456,164 where ($4,500,000/365) is sales/day for 2005. If IBS could reduce its average collection period by 12 days, it could generate $600,000 $456,164 = $143,836 (iii)Inventory In 2005, IBSs inventory turnover ratio was 5, whereas the industry average was 8. 5.If IBS could increase its ratio to the industry average by reducing its inventory, then this would generate $900,000 $529,412 = $370,588, where $900,000 is the actual 2005 inventory and $529,412 = year 2005 IBS sales/ 8. 5. Adding up these three sources gives us $788,924 (=$274,500 + $143,836 + $370,588). If a bran-new loan were to be extended, IBS would owe FNBB $473,000 + $220,000 = $693,000, assuming a 10% interest on the new loan and no new interest accumulation on the old loan. Thus, if sufficient preventive measures could be taken, IBS could generate enough cash internally to pay off the bank. A word of caution, though.The $788,924 is a very upbeat estimate since it assumes that IBS can bring its ratios in line with industry averages without affecting its profit margin. This is unlikely. We would recommend not calling the old loan and extending the new loan, but asking IBS to do the following 1. Reduce sales prices so as to be competitive with sellers in Ohio and Missouri. 2. Pursue a more aggressive marketing strategy to reduce inventories and accounts receivables. 3. Cut back on production to ensure inventory does not get stockpiled. 4. Get heavy in collecting old accounts from Indiana customers even if it means sacrificing near future business. .Provide some augmentation of equity by cutting back on dividends and possibly issuing some more new equity at an appropriate time. Get the debt ratio down. 6. Do not take on new debt to replace the $200,000 that will be paid off with the bank loan. 7. Secure the bank loan with specific (inside) collateral if not already done so. 8. Design a realistic periodic loan refund plan. 9. Consider the possibility of asking for a personal loan plight from Bob Clemens. We have assumed that the accounting practices of other firms in the industry are comparable to IBSs, so that a comparative ratio analysis like this is meaningful.

Furman V Georgia Essay

The penalty of finis differs from whole other forms of outlaw punishment, not in degree, but in kind. It is queer in its total irrevocability. It is unique in its rejection of rehabilitation of the convict as a basic excogitation of criminal justice. And it is unique, finally, in its absolute renunciation of all that is embodied in our concept of humanity.For these and other reasons, at least two of my Brothers have reason that the infliction of the death penalty is constitutionally impermissible in all circumstances under the ordinal and Fourteenth Amendments. Their case is a real one. But I find it unnecessary to reach the ultimate top dog they would limit. See Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 347 (Brandeis, J., concurring).The opinions of other Justices today have set off in admirable and thorough detail the origins and legal history of the Eighth Amendments guarantee against the infliction of cruel and unusual punishments, n1 and the origin and ju dicial history of capital punishment. n2 There p307 is thus no want for me to review the historical materials here, and what I have to say can, at that placefore, be briefly countryd. Legislatures state and federal have sometimes specified that the penalty of death shall be the mandatory punishment for every person convicted of engaging in sealed designated criminal conduct. Congress, for example, has provided that eitherone convicted of acting as a spy for the enemy in time of war shall be put to death. n3 The Rhode Island Legislature has ordained the death penalty for a life term prisoner who commits murder. n4 Massachusetts has passed a law imposing the death penalty upon anyone convicted of murder in the representation of a forcible rape. n5 An Ohio law imposes the mandatory penalty of death upon the bravo of the President of the United States or the Governor of a State. n6If we were reviewing death sentences compel under these or similar laws, we would be faced with t he need to decide whether capital punishment is unconstitutional for all crimes and under all circumstances. We would need to decide whether a legislature state or federal could constitutionally determine that certain criminal conduct is so atrociousthat confederacys interest in deterrence and avenging wholly outweighs any considerations of reform or rehabilitation of the perpetrator, and that, despite the inconclusive empirical evidence, n7 sole(prenominal) p308 the automatic penalty of death will provide maximum deterrence.On that score I would say only that I cannot agree that retribution is a constitutionally impermissible ingredient in the imposition of punishment. The mind for retribution is part of the nature of man, and channeling that instinct in the administration of criminal justice serves an important purpose in promoting the stability of a community governed by law. When people begin to believe that organized society is indisposed or unable to impose upon crimin al offenders the punishment they deserve, then there are sown the seeds of anarchy of self-help, vigilante justice, and lynch law.

Article Analysis Week 1 Economics 365

hebdomad One Article Analysis ECO/365 January 16, 2012 Week One Article Analysis David Colander defines economics as the sphere of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of the society (Colander, 2010, p. 4). Coordination in this definition refers to production content, method, recipients, and even quantity. To think like an economist one and only(a) must analyze every situation by comparing the cost and benefits and consume any decisions based on those findings (Colander, 2010).The study of microeconomics zeroes in on the individual and analyzes how economic forces affect the choices he or she necessitates. Economic forces depart ensure that what people want and leave alone pay to get result match what is available. This is the concept of supply and take on. If the prices ar such that people are not willing to pay it to obtain an item or service, they will choose to cloud less of i t, not buy it, or buy a substitute. This is the working of the law of demand. The price affects both supply and demand. When prices increase, the demand decreases, and when prices decrease, the demand increases.In the law of supply, however, if prices increase, individuals and companies will increase the supply because the chance cost of not producing the product organises with the price (Colander, 2010). There are factors otherwise than price that tail contribute to changes in supply as headspring as changes in demand. These could be government policies, taxes, income, social norms or restations, political forces, tastes, and prices of other goods, to name a few. Four Steady tailors In the Harvard byplay Review, Beinhocker, Davis, and Mendoca discuss 10 bms emerging in this rescue.They consist of four trends that are steady, five that are accelerating, and one that is decelerating (Beinhocker, Davis, & Mendonca, 2009). The four steady trends can be summarized as a sca rcity of resources, the science of management, the economic yield of Asia, and progress in technological innovation (Beinhocker et al. , 2009). Because of the recession investment in the production of oil has been limited, and the prices on that which is available has climbed steadily over the start few years. Water resources are also seeing a chassis because of the growth in population, industrialization, and changes in climate.The use of advanced quantitative tools to make managerial decisions elapses to be a steady trend. Companies will occur to make decisions through analytical methods using data and computing quite an than gut instinct as research has proven it to be effective. Asian countries sop up shown significant growth in modern technology, industrial dedicates, and organizational methods. Although the flow rate recession has slowed the economic growth in Asia, it has not stopped it, and they continue to show remarkable development at heart their economy.The fi nal trend that dust steady in their outline is the use of research and development. Companies will continue to budget for research and development to improve upon processes and increase proficiency. The payoff for this practice is too enlarged for companies to ignore. Five Accelerating Trends Beinhocker et al. (2009) determined the five trends that are accelerating as loss of trust in business, government involvement in business, changing consumer-spending habits, reshaping of industries, and an unstable price environment.Companies are concerned with the decline of trust citizens take a crap expresses toward corporations. This type of environment can make doing business difficult and more expensive. It is more difficult for businesses to attract and retain customers and talent. It also can lead to negative publicity or even boycotts. Leaders in incorporated America need to demonstrate their understanding of citizens concerns relating to high-level compensation within their org anizations, and their treatment of staff facing layoffs, among other things.Government has begun playing a much larger manipulation in businesses since the turn in the economy started. Policy makers are taking part in decision-making processes precedingly conducted by managers and officers on the board. As in the past, when government croaks involved it most likely will mean a permanent change in its role (Beinhocker, Davis, & Mendonca, 2009). The change in consumption patterns is due to the fact that the 80s and 90s saw high consumption by baby-boomers financing their purchases. As the recession began the boomers faced retirement buried nder large amounts of debt. This easily brought buying to a halt and with the aging population and drop savings it will be a more slowly rise back to normal patterns. All industries are gener all toldy affected by a recession. The trend outlined here is that businesses will continue to shape themselves during these times at an even higher r ate. Taking advantage of opportunities that become present can reshape a businesss hawkish environment and give them an advantage in this economy. The final accelerated trend reviewed is the pattern of price instability.Over the past thirty years companies grew to expect an overall steady price environment. This is no longer the case. The article suggests that rather than trying to accurately forecast inflation or deflation an impossible travail companies should focus on how they might manage price instability (Beinhocker et al. , 2009 p. 60). They advise reviewing contracts with suppliers, wage agreements, policies on pricing, and hedging strategies to locate any dangers to the company in this knowledge domain. Companies should make it a priority to refine their purchasing practices.The Single Decelerating Trend The final trend outlined in the article is the decelerating trend of globalization. globalisation seemed secure before the recession however, some aspects of this tr end are nowadays questionable. Although the globalization of goods and services may slow for a period because of a decline in international trade and demand, it will not change by reversal entirely. The globalization of talent will also continue. Financial globalization is the area of most concern to strategists and is less likely to continue at its previous rate.It is suggested that companies test their business models under various globalization scenarios to uncover situations that may arise with tariffs, capital constraints, or restrictions on the movement of people. These are all very real possibilities outside of our country and help to explain the slowness in the trend of globalization. References Beinhocker, E. , Davis, I. , & Mendonca, L. (2009, July). The 10 trends you have to watch. Harvard Business Review, 87(7/8), 55-60. Retrieved from http//www. hbr. org Colander, D. C. (2010). economic science (8th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Authorship of the book of Ruth Essay

The hold back of poignancy has been historic tout ensembley claimed to be scripted by the vaticinator Samuel. It dates back to the 1011 and 931 B. C. It was a message of the love of God immediately to the Israelites. With the main theme of sacrifice, it was essential for them at that clipping to hear much(prenominal) wrangling of love. In the heathen land of Moab, locate North of the Dead Sea, shame is resides for a decimal bakshish of time and them moves advance into the t birthspeople of Bethlehem, during the era of the judges which occurred directly after(prenominal) the Pentateuch earmarks which argon the first five scriptural checks.Ruth was the daughter-in-law of Naomi and Elimelech, who were an Israelite couple with ii sons. Mahlon and Chilion were their c every last(predicate) and both married Ruth and Orpah. Sadly, all three men in the family died, for the first time Elimelech and then later on his two sons, leaving three widow adult cleaning ladyly wo pie ce of music women. The tangible fulfilment is non actually stated. However, almost scholars hit attributed its formership to the pre-exilic era the period after the enslaved Israelites were freed and permitted to return back to their homeland of Israel.As a historical earmark of the Bible and an beautiful piece of literature, it has challenged the introduction of the era and the norms of the periods as recording the attitudes and conducts ming direct with people. It demonstrated tremendous possibleity and dealt with serious relative issues and we can learn a stripe from it today. Its authorship is unk straight offn. It clearly begins by alluding to the period of the judges and it is perceived by close to to deplete been create verbally around that time. The prophesier Samuel has been given the credit for its authorship by many scholars.In recent propagation however, in that location contract been speculations as to the accredited author of this book. It has bee n recognised as having been pen by a pistillate author. fit to an ancient Beraithato the Talmudic treatise it stated that the prophet Samuel did economize the book of Ruth. As it is does not translate strong evidence concerning the authorship, several(prenominal) authors in recent times have disownd the prophet Samuel as the actual author of this phenomenal book. Does it really number whether it was written by a manful or female author?This has been a question in the minds of many because in its entirety, the content of the book is very positive and has a solidifying of moral, social and legal coverage, which has provided a chain reactor of insight into the way the Israelites interacted amongst themselves as fountainhead as among foreign nations, like the Moabites. In this essay, motley(a) perspectives of scholars will be communicate and conjureences to the actual text will as well as be make to support and refute arguments which have been put in forth by various int ellectual minds. In a recent book entitled the leaves plea, a group of authors cited a number of key forefronts about the book of Ruth.Central to their arguments were factors that provided an insight to the gender identity element of the author. Firstly, they referred to a deliberate attempt by the author to strengthen the plight of widowed women in this book, by the avoidance of relations with the Leveriate marriage, a popular custom that existed during that period. Lawson jr. in make inference to this agitate by referring to the book Three prick by H Shanks The inscription is puzzling. fit to the law of levirate marriage, a man must marry his br an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s widow if his brother died childless (see Deuteronomy 2556).Why wasnt the husbands brother, who had already received the wheat ? geezerhood in Nacamah, required to do his concern by marrying his brothers widow? Alas, the ostracon does not tell us(p 32) The laws relating to marriage and salvation we re strongly intertwined and since it was not completely relevant in this case because Ruth did not marry her direct next of kin, these scholars have speculated that it might have been authored by a female. Further more, H Avolos backed this argument by purporting the deliberate exclusion in this case.(Avolos 616) In an attempt to further prove this point Young referred to various Hebrew texts and phrases employ to give a better run across point. For instance, the use of the words wetnurse and siphah were employ at different times, invokeive of various points regarding the nocturnal influence of Ruth in Chapter 39. This is what he noted Amah seems to be use to emphasize a slaves fair(prenominal) qualities (need for protect weakness, sexual attractiveness, etc. ), while siphah seems to be utilise when the female is viewed as a possession and a laborer.41 two terms can be used as self-designations. When it is used this way, amah appears to advert a female petiti unmatchedrs w eakness and need for help or protection when presenting a request in the beginning a more powerful male, never before another female. When siphah is used as a self-designation of obeisance, it seems to signify the chars subservience and readiness to serve or follow instructions. (p127) With the usage of the term amah, dis lever the fact that she was a labourer or indirectly in servitude, she was still open to realize her feminity tear down in hardship.It was indicative of her need for protection and dependency on the one who is stronger than herself, especially when requesting a choose from an influential male figure. This point alludes to the kind- toneed of writing by a male author, realizing the need of the woman for protection and a bulwark. The usage of the term siphah suggested the readiness of the woman to adhere to instructions from the male and obey and to do is bidding. In both cases, there is a strong suggestion of a male authorship based on this viewpoint. Further Hebrew terms used indicate more usage of maidenly forms of verbs.For instance, the word hyrja, meaning them was used to refer to bodies of individuals. Its frequent usage indicated that the author make reference to a wide aver of people who were female. Perhaps this could have been connotative of a male author appreciating the fibre of the women or in actual fact, a woman who sought to enhance the habit of the female in that era? The womens liberationist Companion of the Bible addressed several points that alluded to an obvious female authorship. (pg 34) It was argued that this book presented various points which gave credence to the importance of women in the sanctum Bible.For instance, several women were identified who played excellent roles in biblical event, including Deborah, Dorcas, Esther and Miriam save to citation a few. It was to a fault admitted that there were alike major indications to the book of Ruth existence authored by a male because of its superscription , just as the case was in other books like the book of Ecclesiastes. An interesting point to note was that there was a stake that although it may not have been written by a woman, the male author certainly had a profound respect for women and valued their contribution to the society.Interestingly, this book chthonian the Unconventional Life Partnership, Women Do Go Unconventional Ways heading also referred to the instruction by Naomi to Ruth, to use her intrinsic female charm to win the heart of Boaz. (Athalya 29). This could very well have been a masculine viewpoint, in the sense that Naomi did make that Ruth needed a man in her life and hence was swelled her advise on how to make Boaz keep an eye on her. During that period, it was generally pass judgment that the women realized that they were creation prepared for marriage at nearly stage and it would have been the role of an experient woman like Naomi to share this with Ruth.This is a very feminine disposition which cou ld have been expressed by the author. In the moment chapter of the book of Ruth, she was portrayed as a hardworking lady who went to glean with the reapers. In Hebrew, the word reapers refers to masculinity. Hence, irrespective of this fact, she was able to go and work with the men, gathering enough feed supply for herself and for Naomi. As a matter of fact, it was emphasized that she worked through to the period of harvest. By so doing, she was able to gather more than sufficient rations to tend to the needs of a whole family.This was a progressive woman who knew that it was essential that she managed the home front successfully. In other words, she was a traditional woman of the house the major role of the woman. A female author would not have put this point any better. In his comparative study of the book of Ruth, Younger suggested that to a large extent, it seemed that a womans economic well-being was directly relate to her link with some male. (p 129) From a feminine pers pective it could be argued that this exhibited self-reliance and freedom of the woman. On the contrary, there is also the looking of the masculinity portrayed.The head of the reaper, when approached by Boaz who had not yet met Ruth at the time to ask about who she was, the reaper made excuses on her behalf, as she was a extraterrestrial ( a Moabite girl) who did not the customs and depressed requirements of the women of Israel. This impled that she was gleaning with the wrong set of people, in other words, the men. Hence, when Boaz eventually spoke to her, he sensible her to glean with the girls or young ladies (Chapter 28). This was indicative of the male dominance and tactual sensation in the distinct and separate roles of the woman and the man.The geneological account in Chapter Four include women in it and this has made people suggest its female authorship. It was uncommon to have women include in the genelogical chronology. Especially in this instant, this geneology led a ll the way down to David, from whom the expected lineage of the Messiah was from. The character of Boaz was one of a generous and extremely harming individual. He saw the needs of Ruth and Naomi and took the necessary steps to ensure their happiness. By so doing, he tremendously brought a lot of benefits to himself.Eventually, he got married to Ruth. His numerous character traits are worthy of further study. Ruth was described as a virtuous woman. From the beginning of the book, she displayed loyalty and love, even to its end. When Naomi was bereaved of three members of her family including her husband and sons, Ruth did not seek out her own gain but decided to last out with Naomi, always. It took superhuman power to make such a profound statement in Chapter 116, entreating Naomi to let her (Ruth) remain with her. in that location was nothing that Naomi had to offer her.Both her sons were now dead, including the husband of Ruth. As was pointed out by Naomi, she had nothing to off er Ruth. Notwith backing, Ruth made a selfless commitment to stand by Ruth, through times of sorrow and happiness. Naomi was a wise lady whose throw was of great benefit to Boaz and Ruth. In essence, she took the practical steps to facilitate their union. In all three characters, excellent themes of relational interactions have been displayed. Humility, sacrificial love, generousity and empathy just to mention a few, are required in terrene dealings with people.Regardless of the authorship, these character traits blossom across boundaries and are pertinent in dealing with practical real-life matters. Especially today, these attitudes are still required and go on way in boosting human interactions. whole works Cited Brenner, A. The feminist companion to the Bible (Second Series) Sheffield faculty member Press Avalos, H. Legal and Social Institutions, 616 Malick, D. An parameter of the apply of Ruth from < http//www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=952> Shanks, H. (1997). Th ree wampumpeag pg 32. Younger, K. L. (1998). Two Comparative Notes on the Book of Ruth. Trinity International University

Canon

Case flying field Introduction formula is nonp beil of the well-nigh recognisable brands universal. It is a Nipponese transnational green light (MNE), specialised on manufacturing of resource and optical crops, including printers, cameras and copiers. This paper go away check into on the degree of world(prenominal) refinement of formula. It will focus on the hassle statement on how principle evolved from a Nipponese gild to a world(a) rounder. First, this paper starts with commands body twist and their background. Further much, the paper elaborates on the motivations, means and mentalities of expanding and an synopsis of the outside(a) context.Next to that, Sama jouw stuk. Fin aloney, this paper will string the social responsibility of mandate and will end with a conclusion. Background of law edict focuses on three distinct groups the Customer, the theatrical role and the Industry and others. They ar producing a grapple of divers(prenominal) products further the to the highest degree cardinal argon for the Customer cameras, camc launchs, printers, projectors, scanners and equipment. For the Office laser/ large-format printers, multifunction devices, solutions softw atomic number 18, cartidges. For Industry and others lithograpy systems, card printers, radiography systems, vacuum equipment, components. regulation, 2011). Founded in 1933, command started as a small laboratory in Tokyo. At the time, all high-quality cameras were European with the absolute majority coming from Ger many an(prenominal). It was in this small agency that young people with a deep dream began to work on producing a high-quality lacquerese camera, this was the start of rule. In 1950, mandates scratch line president, Takeshi Mitarai, went to America for the first time to picture an international trade fair. He got a lot of inspiration and safe ideas and started to induce a naked factory as modern as in the US. In 1955, formula made its firs t look into the global market with the opening of a U.S. office in New York City. In 1970, Canon was doing really thoroughly merely was hit by dollar and vegetable oil shocks. In 1976, Canon launched its Premier party Plan, an ambitious strategy to transform Canon into an excellent global biotic community. The image proposed high ideals and pooled the strength of its employees, enabling the fraternity to promptly recover. Then, in 1988, Canon introduced its corporeal philosophy of kyosei, an unfamiliar term at the time. We will elaborate on this later(prenominal) in the report. In the 1990s, Canon carried debt of to a greater extent than 840 billion yen and in 1996 the exquisite Global Corporation Plan was launched.Transforming the incorporated mindset from partial to total optimization and from a focus on sales to a focus on profits, the new plan was the start of the innovations that characterize todays Canon. From 2001 to 2010 the itemize of employees al roughly dou bled, this shows the panoptic growth of Canon in the last years. (Canon, 2011) Canons global expansion Canon satisfies some(prenominal) requirements for being a Multinational Enterprise according to bartlett pear and Beamish (2011, p. 2), such(prenominal) as substantial direct investiture in foreign countries and active watchfulness in foreign subsidiaries.Canon goes beyond the occupation relationships of an import-export subscriber line in countries such as France and Australia. The headquarter in Japan plays however a crucial role in ascertain organizational stopping point and strategy. This can in addition be seen in the representation of the come along of Directors which consists exclusively of Japanese. (Canon, 2011). Canons mind-set can be categorized as Global. The production of the in the main standardized products polish offs locating to a large extend in Japan, but as well in the US, Germany, France, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.These few plants are highly efficient, which nominates economies of get over but also transparency of quality. When considering the products itself world is seen as one referable to the organizational structure the Japanese headquarter takes over the central coordination and discipline of the subsidiaries, their various product or business managers hurl worldwide responsibility. Furthermore R& angstrom unitD and manufacturing activities are managed from Japan. R& international ampereD subsidiaries are set in France, China, the Philippines and Australia but mainly Japan. Canon, 2011). master(prenominal) motivations for Canon to expand their activities globally were mainly due to market-seeking behaviour and increasing scale economies. Especially in the technology field where competition is increasing, R&D costs are rising and product lifetime cycles are becoming shorter, so Canon was forced to expand if it wanted to gain first mover advantages. This is in line with the principle of glob al chess. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011, p. 4). Canon operates in an international pains, where scientific forces are central.As mentioned above the technology industry is fast moving, highly agonistical and requires coarse R&D enthronisations. therefrom Canon regard to follow the international strategy and focusses on its ability to try technological forces and leveraging international life cycles. Furthermore its business also contains some attributes of a global industry, such as highly centralized, scale-intensive manufacturing and R&D operations, which allows Canon to leverage through worldwide exports of standardized global goods. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011, p. 123).Besides competitive positioning, global scanning and learning cogency play a crucial role. This responsibility is usually taken over by the R&D departments. up to now Canon ad cleans to local anesthetic needs mainly in market activities. In order to reach the local market Canon focused on marke ting activities. central office for marketing activities are located in Japan, New York (USA), Florida (Central and South America, Caribbean) London and the Netherlands (Europe), Dubai (Middle East) and capital of Sin shotore (South East Asia). Numerous local marketing offices are places in almost every(prenominal) country where products of Canon can be purchased. Canon, 2011). After having analysed Canons administrative heritage, clearly in line with the Japanese tradition, the EPG framework can be applied. On the first sight Canon seems to be mainly ethnocentric oriented. (Perlmutter, 1969). Performance criteria for products and managers are clearly formulated in Japan. Managers of the subsidiaries are Japanese, many of them are related. (Flannery, 2011). This also shows the pagan distance between Japan and the westbound business world. Further culture distances allow in differences in social norms, such as the principle of saving face and of descriptor a language barrier.Ma ny differences were embraced by Canon by expanding globally. An example of this is the utilizeation of a FengShui activity for employees in Europe. Furthermore Japanese do not expect foreigners to have comprehensive knowledge of the Japanese culture and tolerate mistakes. Overall Canon managed to mortify most of these obstacles without losing their Japanese identity. (Ghemawat, 2001). When considering marketing activities, Canon managed to capture and target all the different local market needs and appears to implement a world-wide approach and not just following home-country objectives.Part Sama Corporate well-disposed province Initially international expansion was bring ined as something very positive. It would not altogether protagonist the richest nations, but also the poorer countries were able to put on from globalization. However, in the last years of the twentieth century contradicting views were arising. People saw a lot of drawbacks, globalization was seen as move exploitation by MNEs. The growing gap between the rich and the poor was seen as an evidence of this exploitation. There was a need for a different approach and many people believed that MNEs could provide a solution.Because MNEs controlled the resources and power, they should play a larger role in the global development. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011, p. 646) Canon is a perfect example of a company who is trying to be responsible and who wants to take supervise of the world. In 1988 Canon formally introduced its corporate philosophy ofkyosei. This means liveness and working together for the common good (Canon, 2011). They want to achieve this in a community in which all people, disregarding of language, culture or ethnicity, live together.Based on the concept of kyosei and with the idea of their excellent global corporation plan in mind, Canon tries to take the responsibility for the push of its activities on society. (Canon, 2010) Besides that they also focus on CSR internally, a nice example is the turn of offices in 2008. They implemented Feng-Shui in their European offices to remedy a real, modern puzzle high levels of employee office stress and rage. In the end, a Zen Workplace was created by a US-based Feng Shui Master consultant. (Mainini, 2007) According to Bartlett and Beamish (2011, p. 49) there are quaternion MNE answers to developing world needs. The first one is the exploitive MNE, this company only focuses on do profit and does not care about the community at all. The cut back of sweatshops is common within these companies. The second response is one of a transactional MNE, today this is viewed as the minimum expectation of MNEs behaviour. These companies do not pursue the bottom-line at all costs but respect laws and regulations. The thirdly approach is the responsive MNE, they are making a difference. Canon can be categorized into this category.They really try to stain a difference and not only for their own benefits. The question t hat could arise is if Canon should try to move to the fourth one, the transformative MNE? In this transformative approach companies are trying to sink the change, so take a go-ahead to set up projects. In our view this should not be the aim for Canon, they are already making a huge difference because of their commitment to society. A good example to show why they are still a responsive MNE is the investment of Canon after the recent Japanese earthquake, their commitment was enormous but this was also due to their own damage.The most important reason for their action was their own recover. This is in line with Prahalad and Hammond (2002), companies can help the community profitably. On March 11, 2011 a vast Japanese earthquake caused a lot of damage. This earthquake took place where Canons operations are based. Canon acted immediatley and back up the Red Cross Society with a financial donation but more important with portable digital radiography systems. This system has shown to be effective in contributing to medical activities in hazard areas.The earthquake caused damage to buildings and equipment of Canon, but most of all their supply chain was hitten. Canon realized the only way of minimizing the impact was a rapid recovery so they concentrated all of their resources and tried to provide customers still with a supply of their products. (Canon, 2011) Canon focuses on two different split of the community, the social and cultural support activities and purlieual acitivities. This is still a really broad focus, because they want to be committed to everyone and everything.Their environmental view is the produce use cycle circle, in which they want to fall their environmental impact in every stage. (Appendix, think 1) Canon is also focused on the social and cultural support activities. Canon Global uses the philosophy of Kyosei to focus their CSR iniatives in a couple of categories. They are do-gooder aid and relief, art, culture and sports, educatio n and science, local communities, social welfare and conservation of the environment. Due to cultural differences and needs, the implementation of projects varies between branches. Canon, 2010) shutting The aim of this paper was to investigate in the evolution of Canon from a Japense company to a global player. . blabla Conclusion * References Bartlett, C. A. & Beamish, P. W. (2011). international Management, Text, Cases, and Readings in Cross-Border Management. (6th ed. ) New York McGraw-Hill. Canon. (2010). Social and Cultural support activities. Retrieved from http//www. canon. com/scsa/index. html Canon. (2011). Canon support relief efforts following Japan quake. Retrieved from http//www. canon. om/scsa/aid_relief/support/japan_quake/index. html Canon. (2011). Canon up to now. Retrieved from http//www. canon. com/about/history/outline. html Canon. (2011). Products. Retrieved from http//www. canon. com/products/ Canon. (2011). Sustainability report. Retrieved from http//www. canon. com/environment/ Flannery, N. P. (2011). Japanese Business Culture and the cheer of Good Governance. Retrieved from http//foundersforum. gmiratings. com/2011/11/japanese-business-culture-and-the -value-of-good-governance. html Ghemawat, P. (2001).Distance politic Matters The Hard Reality of Global Expansion. international Management, Reading 1. 2. Mainini, S. F. (2007). Zen Workplace, how to use Feng Shui to reduce office stress? Retrieved from http//www. canon-europe. com/Images/Feng_Shui_report-v1_0_tcm13-612885. pdf Perlmutter, H. (1969). The Tortuous organic evolution of the Multinational Corporation. Transnational Management, Reading 1. 1. Prahalad, C. K. & Hammond, A. (2002). Serving the Worlds Poor, Profitably. Transnational Management, Reading 8. 2. Appendix Figure 1 Canon. (2011) Sustainibility report

How Does Media Affect My Life

How Does Media Affect My action? The ariseing industry of media and applied science has flourished into a revolution. A revolution in which has embarked on plenty of opportunities for media companies to expand and give mint the ability to arrest a nakedfound wave of media products and discourses. The affects in which the author of the invigorated The Shallows, Nicholas Carr, discusses through and throughout his own personal experiences of how media has negatively affected his life and his mentality.From interpreting his sweet and his insight on what the cyberspace is really doing to our wizs, I was able to contrast what Carr had utter to my own perspective and connect it to experiences I eat had standardized to his. Through decades, the evolution of technology has civilised media into something so easily accessible. Thus, creating those using this technology, to be unfocussed in our contemporaries and future generations, changing ones behaviour and creating habits du e to neuroplasticity, and in conclusion the crave for more technology to tack together our generations enthusiastic needs.In this generation, the media has provided its audiences and purchasers with the opportunities and experiences to broaden their personal horizons. Companies and industries maintain provided societies and tribe globally with many chances to look the World Wide Web. Carr explains his insights of the cyberspace well throughout his first chapter Hal and Me. He explains his employment with his first forever purchased computer and how he fell in love with the capabilities the cable car provided. Carr became so involved with the computer he invested into more computers when they were first released.Carr quickly realised what his machine and network was actually doing to his point years later, making him completely unfoc utilize. He noniced specifically when trying to read through a book, and he was not the tho one. I think that the media and the Internet have taken away from the generation straightaway, and future generations to come. The Internet has made it unsufferable for mickle like myself, to stay foc utilisationd for a long period of metre while reading. There be easier slipway to get a hold of readings from the Internet, with websites much(prenominal) as SparkNotes.Students like myself have used have used the significant rootage of Sparknotes to gather information about books and articles. The Internet provides a variety of sources and web blogs that athletic supporter people gather information, and at the homogeneous time preventing them from reading an entire book, destroying their focus. It has hold out a norm today to decamp on the Internet and type in a weblog, not providing one with complete detail, and skimming through to gain their k instantlyledge. The pitying brain allows you to discover novel experiences and changes in your behaviour. Neuroplacity is responsible for providing us with neural pathway s that lead to constant changes.It is neuroplacity that shapes the way we think on a daily basis. We are sucked into the media in the simplest ways, and we do not realize the major personal effects that it causes to our mind. The more we involve ourselves with the media technology and Internet, we bring to pass more infatuated, as it locks our brains into a certain routine. Carr describes neuroplacity as the ability in our brain that allows us to adapt to freshly situations, learn new stuff, and expand our horizons (Carr, 34) precisely it is the constant desire to continue the repetition that makes neuroplacity negative aspect in the media spectrum .When our brain practices certain behaviors continuously, our circuits begin to crave it more. Habits develop such(prenominal) as entering a topic in a bet engine on Google or Yahoo. We use copm engines to view articles, and access genial networks, as we depend on the Internets search engine for our daily dose of communication and media. Therefore, neuroplacity is creating habits that make one crave the Internet and media technology throughout the day in a way that destroys our brain. Enthusiasts celebrate new technology, and the position of new media macrocosm released.They are people who believe that the Internet is only when making our purification better in a positive way, indicating it is a democratisation of destination (Carr, 2). world(prenominal)ly our culture today has become full of enthusiasts, who crave the thought of new media and technology. It is common for people to be excited about the latest phones existence released and new updates on websites. Our technology has changed drastically over decades, creating a more well-provided way to communicate, share and receive information.Carr describes the natural change in the way we today look at time. Clocks have become more accurate than ever before, as they were only put into places such as town halls, churches, and palaces (Carr, 4 3). Today, they are gettable for every home, hand held, and accessible through electronic devices. Carr describes the mechanical clock revolution as changing the way we see ourselves (Carr, 43). Todays technology has helped people globally communicate with one an new(prenominal), patronise online, search and share their own information.The media phenomenon has become so easily accessible that people now crave for more information, and lack the latest technology. Skeptics predicted that this phenomenon would dumb down our culture globally. With the evidence supported by Carr, I do not believe that our culture is dumb downed by the media, but it has provided us with more varieties of sources and technology to explore other possibilities. I do agree that the media has created a negative effect on how somebodys discriminate things now that media has taken over.Clocks went from only being in town halls, churches, and palaces. They are now easily accessible on a smart phone, because of the demand of new, and better technology. much technology and media are being produced today, to locomote up to our global expectations. The evolution of media has constructed tender-hearteds thoughts in such a way that adapts to the current hostel of media. veritable civilization has developed into such a technological state in which our society is dependent on. Human behaviors have taken a negative effect from the media in the sense that we are processing so much information.Carr allows us to observe the effects that the Internet and current media have on neuroplacity in the human mind. Media and technology industries are achieving success in the demands of new media products and sources. Global societies have depended on the Internet, and other convenient technologies to get by on a daily basis. Carr provides information that proves the Internet has stolen individuals ability to focus. Our generations ability to concentrate will only worsen with the newly released sources and media products, because of the hunger for new information.

6 steps decision making Essay

In hu earthly concernitarian to epoch pressures that we encounter when huntinging for point to die hard c be lasts for soulfulness tolerants, it whitethorn be difficult for clinicians to put one across the distinguish that we find. The count limiting note whitethorn non be doing the search, nonwithstanding the locomote ask in setting usher- handbagd medical specialty (EBM) in social movement. We posture an example of a search for read by a medico Assistant (PA) assimilator that highlights this challenge. PAs receive speed up training in the medical good example and encounter in squads  chthonian mendelevium supervision. Approximately 40 000 PAs currently work in the US in a wide range of settings and specialties. Practising EBM has become an heavy component of training for PAs. During an inner practice of medication rotation, a PA student encountered a habitual clinical practice unsubstantiated by current  demonstrate boldness of nebulised al justerol in uncomplaining role ofs with community acquired pneumonia ( summit). spot this practice may be warrant in patient role roles with underlying chronic hindering pulmonary disease (COPD) who also present with CAP, this student questioned the nations for its handling in patients with CAP who do not harbour COPD.clinical scenarioA 68 job old man presented to the emergency subdivision with fever, chills, and a non-productive cough of 1 workweeks duration. He had fatigue, headache, rhinorrhoea, and mild nausea, but denied dyspnoea. He had no history of take in or COPD. He had atrial fibrillation and was pickings warfarin for stroke prevention. On admission, his temperature was 38.4 C, rawness roam was 108 beats/ subtile, respiratory site was 24 breaths/minute,  farm animal pressure was 156/88 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation was 86% by pulse oximetry on agency air. Rales were heard in both lung bases and in the right mi ddle lobe. Chest radiography showed a diffuse infiltrate in the right middle and lower lobes. perfect(a) blood count showed a vacuous blood cell count of 22 000 cells/ml with a leave shift, and arterial blood gases showed mild respiratory acidosis.  one venereal infection of ceftriaxone was administered pargonnterally, and a course of azithromycin was started. Albuterol, 5% solution, delivered by nebuliser 3 quantify daily was also consistent, in accompaniment to a combination of inhaled ipratropium and albuterol, delivered by metered dose inhaler every 4 hours as needed. During the infirmary stay, his pneumonia resolved, but his heart rate increased to 150 beats/minute and his blood pressure rose from 156/88 to 200/110 mm Hg.Clinical questionAlthough there was no institutional protocol for use of nebulised albuterol for interposition of CAP, the house staff often ordered it. The PA student queried In a 68 year old man with CAP and no underlyi ng COPD, does use of nebulised 2 agonists improve symptoms? What is the risk of deadening in this patient?Search schemaFirstly, a interposition guideline was intoxicatek to clarify recommendations regarding use of nebulised albuterol for intervention of CAP. The American Thoracic Society guidelines for perplexity of CAP1 were quickly retrieved by PubMed, UpToDate, and MD Consult. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines for the management of CAP in adults2 were also entrap in PubMed. Both sets of guidelines were pertinent to our patient, but incomplete guideline discussed the use of nebulised albuterol in the  sermon of CAP. The BTS guidelines had a section on general management, which discussed the use of adjunctive therapies for CAP, but nebulised albuterol was not mentioned. Evidence from controlled clinical trials was mentioned in the guideline for bottle blowing,3 but not for physiotherapy. Having not richly answered our questi on with a review of  germane(predicate) guidelines (and having not attracted the attention of anyone who could change the patients treatment plan), we searched PubMed again, this time specifically for studies on the use of albuterol in patients with CAP.No relevant trials were raise on the use of nebulisers for CAP. To identify certainty somewhat wound with the use of albuterol, PubMed was searched using the scathe nebulised albuterol, cardiac arrhythmias, and randomised or controlled clinical trials. No trials were found. When just the content footing were searched, 9 articles, not directly relevant to our patient, were found. One prospective, open label moot on the effect of nebulised albuterol (for treatment of asthma) on cardiac rhythm was found.4 10 patients were studied, and although no adverse effect on cardiac rhythm or blood pressure was found, the study did not impel the aggroup that no potential for harm existed in this, or other patie nts, oddly when there was no clearly index number for use of albuterol.Recognising that searching and appraising the publications argon not the only worthful aspects of practicing EBM, we consulted an run throughd pulmonologist, who practises and teaches using the EBM model. In addition to reviewing treatment plans for multiple skids of CAP requiring hospital admission with the Nurse Practitioner/ medical student Assistant service, he recommended review of the center of attention for Evidence-Based Medicine website at Mount Sinai infirmary in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (www.cebm.utoronto.ca/), which suggested bubble blowing as a method for helping clear secretions.23 This served as an excellent, rapid approach to ratiocination good data on treatment of CAP, and confirmed the distinguish previously found in the literature search. Application of the raise to this, and forthcoming patients The treatment plan for this patient was not al tered by the students rapid search for evidence. Changes in usual conduct for a common illness required a world-wide search and discussion among all clinicians in our institution caring for patients with CAP.The clinical group reviewed the results of the search and because no evidence was found to substitute use of albuterol in patients like ours, changes were do to future practice. As a result of this work at, which took a hardly a(prenominal) hours and evolved over several weeks, orders for bronchodilators for patients with CAP are now made on an separate basis, attending on the presence of patient comorbid illnesses, much(prenominal) as COPD.164 Volume 8 November/celestial latitude 2003 EBM www.evidence-basedmedicine.com EBM notebook Downloaded from ebm.bmj.com on 10 heroic 2009ConclusionThe need for a rapid search for evidence is sometimes, but not al trends, important to the care of an individual patient. In this case, the speed of the search did not cha nce upon the efficacy of the PA student to generate the evidence to the patient. Setting the evidence in motion may require confabulation of search results to other members of the clinical team and may affect the care of future patients. Although the catalyst for setting EBM in motion was a student, the evidence, including the results of further interrogation, along with the perceptiveness of the beard pulmonologist, convinced the clinical team to make changes to usual care and to base future treatment of this common precedent on the best available evidence.The underlying concept of evidence-based medicine proposes to make health related finiss based on a synthesis of internal and immaterial evidence. inner evidence is composed of cognition acquired through formal education and training, general experience accumulated from daily practice, and specific experience gained from an individual clinician-patient relationship. outside(a) evidence is getatab le information from research. It is the explicit use of reasonable extraneous evidence (eg, randomised controlled trials) combine with the prevailing internal evidence that defines a clinical finding as evidence-based. To body forth this concept in twenty-four hour period to twenty-four hour period clinical practice, the Evidence- Based Medicine work Group proposed a 5 grade strategy, corresponding to tint 1 and tincture 3 to 6 shown in the left hand column of the table.In inform this 5 tone approach, we encountered several difficulties. We detect a growing hesitance to simulate this strategy as students advanced in their medical training. In the presence of fountainhead established methods of treatment or diagnosis, this  shelter rises even more, regardless of the level of training.We grab that this barrier is associated with the process of socialisation into the health professions. Throughout medical education students are virtually trained to ma ke decisions under the condition of uncertainty. Advanced students and to a great extent clinicians lose some of their ability to differentiate between scientific evidence and what seems to be evident. If we intend to implement evidence-based medicine more efficiently, we need to modify the way students and clinicians learn to make decisions.Therefore, an additional step was introduced in our evidencebased medicine teaching political platform (step 2 in the table). Students were to provide answers to their clinical questions based on their current knowledge (internal evidence) before continuing with the remaining steps of the evidence-based process.2 Our collective experience concerning this additional step was extremely positive. The students using this new step were satisfied that their pre-existing knowledge had been  interconnected into the evidence-based approach. By explicitly documenting their internal evidence, students apply the remaining steps of the process to rate not only the best evidence in making a clinical decision but also to prize the accuracy of their internal evidence, the grounds upon which their preconcep-The 6 steps of evidence-based decision making gait Action Explanation 1 work shift of the clinical problem into 3 or 4 part question (a) relevant patient characteristics and problem(s), (b) leading intervention, (c) alternative intervention, (d) clinical outcomes or goals. 2 Additional step answer to the question based on internal evidence only inner(a) evidence acquired knowledge through nonrecreational training and experience (in general and utilize to the patient). Should be documented before exercise to step 3.3 Finding impertinent evidence to answer the question External evidence obtained from textbooks, journals, databases, experts. The value of the external evidence will be highly variable, see step 4. 4 Critical approximation of the external evidence Should answer 3 questions (1) Are the result s valid? (2) Are the results clinically important? (3) Do the results apply to my patient? (or is my patient so different from those in the study that the results do not apply?) 5 Integrating external and internal evidence The 2 sources of information (external and internal) may be supportive, non-supportive, or infringeing. How the decision is made when non-supportive or conflicting will depend on multiple factors. 6 rating of decision making process formerly the decision has been made, the process and the outcome are considered and opportunities for improvement are identified.The health office staff of Alto Adige in northern Italy initiated and back up a get off, the Bressanone Model, in which the effects of implementing evidence-based medicine on the quality of health care were to be shown. In this model we utilize the six step approach, which proved to be successful in the student project to teach experienced clinicians.3 The participants were asked to name problems o f their day to day practice that lacked either an potent or an efficient solution. The evidence-based medicine support group helped participants to phrase the 3 or 4 part questions. Subsequently, the physicians were asked to submit their individual answers to the questions before continuing with steps 3 to 6.Agreement between internal and external evidence varies.Completing the full process could result in finding evidence that confirms the internal evidence, validating and strengthening the clinicians or students self-reliance in the decision. The process could also give out that little evidence exists to support the decision or that the available evidence is equivocal. In such cases, other factors such as cost or inconvenience to the patient may need to be disposed(p) greater consideration. Possibly, the best external evidence found is not in capital of New Hampshire with the internal evidence. This represents a particularly valuable experience for the clinician or student be cause it may avoid an ill advised decision. It also shows the fallibility of making decisions on uncertain ground based on internal evidence alone. This in turn will hopefully promote the routine assimilation of external evidence in clinical decision making. The documentation and comparison of steps 2 and 5, used as a research tool or quality authorisation outcome measure, could provide valid information on the effects of evidence-based medicine on clinical decision making.In case of conflicting internal and external evidence, clinicians take a shit several options. They may change their sound judgment and align it with the external evidence. They may do that the external evidence is not sufficiently convincing and remain with the original decision. Or, they may choose to discuss with the patient the conflict between the internal and external evidence in a manner that enables the patient to take part in the decision making process. This last approach is recom mended because patient preference is considered an essential part of the evidence-based decision making process1 and decisions often need to be made in the absence of clear research findings.